11-1 What are alcohols and how are they classified? Solution

11-2 Give one example each of a 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols. Solution

11-3 What is the main structural difference between 1° and 2° alcohols? Explain with examples. Solution

11-4 What are phenols and how do they differ from alcohols? Solution

11-5 How are phenols classified? Solution

11-6 Write the structural formulae and I.U.PA.C. names of the following:
(a) Glycerol
(b) o-cresol
(c) Catechol
(d) Pyrogallol Solution

11-7 Of the two hydroxy organic compounds ROH and R’OH, the first one is basic and the other is acidic in behavior. How is R different from R'? Solution

11-8 Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds :

Solution

11-9 Classify the following as primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols.
(i) n-propyl alcohol
(ii) 2-methylpropan-2-ol
(iii) Butan-1-ol
(iv) Butan-2-ol
(v) iso-butyl alcohol
(vi) Benzyl alcohol
Solution

11-10 Write down the structural formulae of all the isomeric alcohols having the molecular formula C₄H₁₀O.
Solution

11-11 Alcohols are generally soluble , Explain Solution

11-12 Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than the corresponding haloalkanes and hydrocarbons? Solution

11-13 Write the equation involved in the preparation of secondary butyl alcohol using a Grignard reagent. Name the reactants. Solution

11-14 What happens when Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are oxidised using alkaline KMnO₄? Solution

11-15 What type of compounds give iodoform test? Solution

11-16 Explain the mechanism of the following reaction :

Solution

11-17 How would you obtain
(i) propan-2-o] from propanone;
(ii) butan-2-ol from ethanol;
(iii) propan-2-ol from ethanol;
(iv) tert-buty] alcohol from acetone;
(v) ethane-1, 2-diol from ethanol? Solution

11-18 Complete the following chemical equations.

Solution

11-19 With the help of chemical equations, show how would you carry out the following conversions :
(i) Ethanol] to methanol.
(ii) Isopropyl alcohol to tert-butyl alcohol.
(iii) Methyl alcohol to n-propyl alcohol.
(iv) n-propyl alcohol to tert-butyl alcohol. Solution

11-20 Arrange the following in the decreasing order of acidic strength ; H₂O, CH₃OH, CH₃CH₂OOH, (CH₃)₂CHOH, (CH₃)₃C.OH. Solution

11-21 Starting from ethyl alcohol, how would you obtain the following?
(i) Iodoform
(ii) Acetaldehyde
(iii) Diethyl ether
(iv) Ethylene
(v) Ethyl acetate.
Solution

11-22 Explain the following :
(i) Alcohols are freely soluble in water but alkyl halides are not.
(ii) Boiling point of an alcohol is higher than that of the corresponding alkane.
(iii) The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increase in molecular mass,
(iv) Alcohols act as weak bases, Solution

11-23 Identify the compounds X and Y in each of the following reactions.

Solution

11-24 Explain the mechanism of. acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol at high temperatures Solution

11-25 Describe a test to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Solution

11-26 How will you distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by Victor Meyer’s Test? Give chemical reactions also. Solution

11-27 How will you distinguish primary and secondary alcohols? Solution

11-28 What is the main product obtained when vapours of isopropyl alcohol are passed over copper at 573K? Solution

11-29 “Formation of products by the reaction of ethanol and sulphuric acid depends on experimental conditions.” Justify the statement. Solution

11-30 How will you distinguish between the following pairs? Write chemical reactions.
(i) CH₃0H and C₂H₅OH .
(ii) Propan-1-o] and propan-2-ol
(iii) Propan-1-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol
(iv) Ethanol and propan-1-ol Solution

11-31 Write the reactions involved in the preparation of
(i) iodoform from propan-2-ol, and
(ii) ethane-1-2-diol from ethene. Solution

11-32 Write chemical equations for what happens when
(i) 2-methylpropan-2-ol vapours are passed over heated copper;
(ii) a glyceride is treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Solution

11-33 Write one distinction test for ethyl alcohol and propan-2-ol. Solution

11-34 Write the series of reactions which would convert ethanol into propanone. Solution

11-35 Write chemical reactions for getting propan-2-ol from ethanol. Solution

11-36 Of ethanol and n-propanol, which one gives the iodoform test and why does the other one not do so? Solution

11-37 Write reaction equation for what happens when tertiary butyl alcohol is heated with reduced copper at 573 K. Solution

11-38 Complete the following reactions :

Solution

11-39 How will you obtain 2-methylpentan-2-ol from 2-methylpent1-ene? Solution

11-40 What happens when ethanol is heated with conc. sulphuric acid at 453 K? Explain the mechanism of this reaction. Solution

11-41 Write the reactions with conditions for the following conversions :
(i) Methanol to propan-1-ol
(ii) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid. Solution Solution

11-42 Write the IUPAC name of :

Solution

11-43 How is that alcohol and water are miscible in all proportions? Solution